Raw socket programming on windows with winsock. Raw sockets using winsock. This is a post to explain how you can install PowerShell 2. Windows 2003 R2 SP2 32bit which, by default, has no PowerShell at all. As you might have noticed. Raw sockets or Raw Packets, give you the facility to access the entire contents of a packet or datagram, both for reading and writing purpose. In other words, you can fabricate a whole packet according to your likes and dislikes. For example, a TCP packet would contain an IP header, a TCP header, and then the actual data that needs to be transmitted. When working with normal sockets, whatever we send to a socket is actually the data part. In such a scenario, the OS network stack takes the responsibility of adding the header with all fields set to relevant values. When we send the data to a destination, the stack adds the headers and sends the packet, and when we receive some data, then the stack removes the headers and hands out the data to our application. So we are saved from the work of designing the headers. Ps3 Redeem Code Generator Free Download more. Nmap For Windows Xp Sp2' title='Nmap For Windows Xp Sp2' />For normal internet applications, there is no need to be concerned about the header operations as they are there for the safe transmission and reception of data, and once the transfer is complete, their need is over and they are dumped. But the story doesnt end there, there are some people who need raw sockets. Raw sockets are widely used in the field of network security for creating both security and insecurity In this article, we will take a look at the contents of a general TCP packet, and try to make a raw packet and transmit it. We shall do this on Windows XP using the VC 6. OK, so lets have a look at the IP and TCP headers. The examples shown here would construct a raw tcp packet and send it over the network interface. Winsock has limited raw socket support across various version of windows, as discussed later on. As an alternative you can create raw sockets on windows using the winpcap library as well. Headers. RFC 7. 91 gives the structure of an IP header as 0 1 2 3. Version IHL Type of Service Total Length. Identification Flags Fragment Offset. Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum. Source Address. Destination Address. Options Padding. Next comes the TCP header for transmission using the TCP protocol. Nmap For Windows Xp Sp2' title='Nmap For Windows Xp Sp2' />RFC 7. Source Port Destination Port. Sequence Number. Acknowledgment Number. Data UAPRSF. Offset Reserved RCSSYI Window. GKHTNN. Checksum Urgent Pointer. Nmap For Windows Xp Sp2' title='Nmap For Windows Xp Sp2' />Options Padding. To understand the significance of each field, read up the necessary RFC or some other good TCPIP tutorial on the net as there are plenty. If you have previous knowledge of socket programming, then the headers are self explanatory. Now, why is the raw socket feature of importance to network security Well, one important aspect of network security which needs this feature is scanning. Scanning is of many types. For example, scanning for open ports, scanning the type of OS, scanning for vulnerabilities etc. Raw Sockets and Windows. First of all, it must be understood very clearly that raw sockets is not a feature of the network API although it must be present there as an option but of the OS protocol stack. To implement raw sockets, all we have to do is to inform the OS that the packet buffer we are providing will have the header and so the OS should transmit it as is without adding any header thats all, nothing more to do. The Unix operating system has raw socket support since ancient times. But the problem is with Windows. None of Windows 9. SE supported raw sockets. Raw sockets became available on Windows from Windows 2. Windows XP continued this. But suddenly, raw socket support was removed from Windows XP through a patch in SP2. Vista doesnt have it. AppDetectivePro 7. User Guide Last Modified February 2, 2011 Application Security, Inc. AppSecInc. com infoappsecinc. APPSEC. A security patch called MS0. XP SP2 and can do the same to even SP1. Probably Windows 2. SP1 also implements the same the result being the end of raw sockets. An indepth summary is available at http seclists. Windows 9. 5, 9. 8, 9. SE do not support raw sockets, but this doesnt end the story. Nmap For Windows Xp Sp2' title='Nmap For Windows Xp Sp2' />If you want the facility, then the solution is to use a third party packet driver like Winpcap. Such packet drivers will do your task irrespective of what the OS likes and dislikes. Windows XP and XP SP1 have full raw socket support and so life is easy. So if you want to do raw socketing on Windows, then either use Winpcap or dont feel desperate to install SP2, or otherwise use Windows 2. So lets brief up 1. Windows 9. 5, 9. 8, 9. SE, NT4. 0 Only raw ICMP and IGMP with restricted features. Windows 2. 00. 0, XP, XP SP1, 2. Full raw socket support for both receiving and sending purposes. Windows XP SP2 Only raw ICMP, IGMP, and UDP with proper source address IP spoofing restricted can be sent. But, full raw sockets can be received, which means you can sniff all incoming data and read their headers. Note Winsock Ver. So if your system does not support raw sockets, then switch to Linux or use Winpcap. There are articles on this site that explain how to use winpcap to send raw packets. Search for them. Code. SOCKET s. s socketAFINET, SOCKRAW, IPPROTORAW Create a RAW socket. IPPROTOIP, IPHDRINCL, char optval, sizeof optval Set it to include the header. The last line, setsockopt, tells the OS that the socket s will have the header included IPHDRINCL at the IP IPPROTOIP level in the data buffer it sends. IPPROTORAW creates an absolutely raw socket, and you have to write all headers yourself. IPPROTOUDP, IPROTOTCP are also available for the respective types of packets. Now, we shall need two structures like this typedef struct iphdr. Means 2. 0 Bytes may be 2. IPv. 4 version. unsigned char iptos IP type of service. Total length. unsigned short ipid Unique identifier. Fragment offset field. Time to live. unsigned char ipprotocol ProtocolTCP,UDP etc. IP checksum. unsigned int ipsrcaddr Source address. Source address. IPV4HDR, IPV4HDR, FAR LPIPV4HDR. Nonce Sum Flag Added in RFC 3. The number of 3. 2 bit words. TCP header. This indicates where the data begins. The length of the TCP header. Finish Flag. unsigned char syn 1 Synchronise Flag. Reset Flag. unsigned char psh 1 Push Flag. Acknowledgement Flag. Urgent Flag. unsigned char ecn 1 ECN Echo Flag. Congestion Window Reduced Flag. TCPHDR, TCPHDR, FAR LPTCPHDR, TCPHeader, TCPHEADER. LittleBig Endian. Did you notice a difference between the RFC specification and the structures declared above IP header and version have swapped their positions. The urg, ack, and psh flags of the TCP header are all in reverse order Mistake Well, this depends on the byte order that is implemented in the machine architecture. There are two types Little Endian and Big Endian. In Big Endian, the bytes and bits are arranged in their normal order as we read them, which means the MSB most significant byte comes first and the LSB least significant byte last. But in Little Endian, the thing is totally reversed. And it must be remembered that all bits are byte wise reversed, which means they are reversed in groups of 8. Thats the rule for making segments of sizes 3 or 5 etc. If its a long or int, then a htons will do the job. Altron Alarm Manual. Well, enough said, now lets make our packet. IPV4HDR. 4hdrNULL. TCPHDR cphdrNULL. IPV4HDR packet lets point to the ip header portion. Ft Toolbar Rapidshare S. IPV4HDR sizeofTCPHDR payload.