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The term tsunami, meaning harbour wave in literal translation, comes from the Japanese, composed of the two kanji tsu meaning harbour and. The Project Gutenberg EBook of Leaves of Grass, by Walt Whitman This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. EzineArticles. com allows expert authors in hundreds of niche fields to get massive levels of exposure in exchange for the submission of their quality original articles. Browse through 14,324,115 journal and book articles on ScienceDirect. Browse titles in books. Tsunami Wikipedia. This article is about disturbances in bodies of water that are sometimes called seismic sea waves. For the radiated energy that earthquakes generate, see Seismic wave. A tsunami from Japanese, harbour wave 1 English pronunciation tsoo NAH mee2 or tidal wave is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions including detonations of underwater nuclear devices, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water. Tsunami waves do not resemble normal undersea currents or sea waves, because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this reason they are often referred to as tidal waves, although this usage is not favoured by the scientific community because tsunamis are not tidal in nature. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves, with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so called internal wave train. Wave heights of tens of metres can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can affect entire ocean basins the 2. Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history, with at least 2. Indian Ocean. Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his late 5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War, that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes,78 but the understanding of a tsunamis nature remained slim until the 2. Major areas of current research include trying to determine why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do trying to accurately forecast the passage of tsunamis across the oceans and also to forecast how tsunami waves interact with specific shorelines. Terminology. Tsunami. The term tsunami, meaning harbour wave in literal translation, comes from the Japanese, composed of the two kanji tsu meaning harbour and nami, meaning wave. For the plural, one can either follow ordinary English practice and add an s, or use an invariable plural as in the Japanese. While not entirely accurate, as tsunami are not restricted to harbours, tsunami is currently the term most widely accepted by geologists and oceanographers. Tidal wave. Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves. This once popular term derives from the most common appearance of a tsunami, which is that of an extraordinarily high tidal bore. Tsunamis and tides both produce waves of water that move inland, but in the case of a tsunami, the inland movement of water may be much greater, giving the impression of an incredibly high and forceful tide. In recent years, the term tidal wave has fallen out of favour, especially in the scientific community, because tsunamis have nothing to do with tides, which are produced by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun rather than the displacement of water. Although the meanings of tidal include resembling1. Seismic sea wave. The term seismic sea wave also is used to refer to the phenomenon, because the waves most often are generated by seismic activity such as earthquakes. Prior to the rise of the use of the term tsunami in English, scientists generally encouraged the use of the term seismic sea wave rather than tidal wave. How To Decrypt Apco 25 Encryption Keys'>How To Decrypt Apco 25 Encryption Keys. However, like tsunami, seismic sea wave is not a completely accurate term, as forces other than earthquakes including underwater landslides, volcanic eruptions, underwater explosions, land or ice slumping into the ocean, meteorite impacts, and the weather when the atmospheric pressure changes very rapidly can generate such waves by displacing water. History. While Japan may have the longest recorded history of tsunamis, the sheer destruction caused by the 2. Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami event mark it as the most devastating of its kind in modern times, killing around 2. The Sumatran region is not unused to tsunamis either, with earthquakes of varying magnitudes regularly occurring off the coast of the island. Tsunamis are an often underestimated hazard in the Mediterranean Sea and parts of Europe. Of historical and current with regard to risk assumptions importance are the 1. Lisbon earthquake and tsunami which was caused by the AzoresGibraltar Transform Fault, the 1. Calabrian earthquakes, each causing several tens of thousands of deaths and the 1. Messina earthquake and tsunami. The tsunami claimed more than 1. Sicily and Calabria and is among the most deadly natural disasters in modern Europe. The Storegga Slide in the Norwegian sea and some examples of tsunamis affecting the British Isles refer to landslide and meteotsunamis predominantly and less to earthquake induced waves. As early as 4. 26 BC the Greek historian Thucydides inquired in his book History of the Peloponnesian War about the causes of tsunami, and was the first to argue that ocean earthquakes must be the cause. The cause, in my opinion, of this phenomenon must be sought in the earthquake. At the point where its shock has been the most violent the sea is driven back, and suddenly recoiling with redoubled force, causes the inundation. Instagram Download For Pc Without Bluestacks Android on this page. Without an earthquake I do not see how such an accident could happen. The Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus Res Gestae 2. AD tsunami devastated Alexandria. Causes. The principal generation mechanism or cause of a tsunami is the displacement of a substantial volume of water or perturbation of the sea. This displacement of water is usually attributed to either earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, glacier calvings or more rarely by meteorites and nuclear tests. The waves formed in this way are then sustained by gravity. Seismicity. Tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Tectonic earthquakes are a particular kind of earthquake that are associated with the Earths crustal deformation when these earthquakes occur beneath the sea, the water above the deformed area is displaced from its equilibrium position. More specifically, a tsunami can be generated when thrust faults associated with convergent or destructive plate boundaries move abruptly, resulting in water displacement, owing to the vertical component of movement involved. Movement on normal extensional faults can also cause displacement of the seabed, but only the largest of such events typically related to flexure in the outer trench swell cause enough displacement to give rise to a significant tsunami, such as the 1. Sumba and 1. 93. 3 Sanriku events. Tsunamis have a small amplitude wave height offshore, and a very long wavelength often hundreds of kilometres long, whereas normal ocean waves have a wavelength of only 3. They grow in height when they reach shallower water, in a wave shoaling process described below. A tsunami can occur in any tidal state and even at low tide can still inundate coastal areas. On April 1, 1. 94.