PPT Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation Power. Point presentation free to download. Title Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation 1. Nutrition During. Pregnancy and Lactation. SARAH BARTS, RD, LDN OBGYN Registered Dietitian Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania sbartsatobgyn. Objectives. To produce, healthy, normal weight infants while minimizing health risks to the mother. To determine appropriate weight gain during pregnancy for normal, under and overweight women. To recognize the additional energy, vitamin and mineral requirements for women during pregnancy. To understand changing nutritional needs during pregnancy 3. Belly Fat Burning Pills Free Trial How To Lose Belly Fat In Just 5 Days Belly Fat Burning Pills Free Trial Best Diet To Lose 20 Pounds In 30 Days How To Get A Lazy. Free Powerpoint Breastfeeding Templates' title='Free Powerpoint Breastfeeding Templates' />Increased Nutritional Risk. Pregnant women who are Drug or alcohol abusers Vegetarians Smokers Anorexic or bulimic, underweight, or obese Pregnant women with Hyperemesis Poor weight gain or weight loss Dehydration, constipation Pre existing medical conditions 4. Professional quality Breastfeeding images and pictures at very affordable prices. With over 20 million stunning photos to choose from weve got what you need Garcinia Cambogia Lipo G3 Free Trial Pure Garcinia Cambogia In South Carolina Garcinia Cambogia Lipo G3 Free Trial Healthy Care Garcinia Garcinia Cambogia Fruit. Obstetrical History. Past medical history wt gained in pregnancy Current dietary intake patterns and ETOH Vitamin, mineral and herbal intake PICA dirt, starch, clay, ice, detergent Caffeine and other fluids Nausea, vomiting, and heartburn Constipation 5. Obstetrical Physical Exam. Low pre pregnancy weight and low maternal weight gain are risk factors for Intrauterine growth retardation Low birth weight baby Increased incidence of perinatal death Need to asses Pre pregnancy weight BMI Current weight BMI Weight gain from previous visit 6. Recommended Weight Gain. Institute of Medicine. Weight Gain During Pregnancy. National Academy Press. Rate of Weight Gain. Pattern of weight gain in pregnancy as important as total weight gain. Deviations from expected patterns of weight gain are signals for intervention. Pre term birth doubles when 3rd trimester weight gain is low or inadequate. Pregnancy is an anabolic state, resulting in increased energy 3. Nausea and Vomiting. Associated with increased levels of HCG Peaks at 1. Strategies for managing morning sickness Eat small, low fat meals and snacks Drink fluids between meals, avoid caffeine Reduce citrus, spearmint, peppermint Limit spicy and high fat foods Avoid lying down after eating or drinking Take a walk after meals Wear loose fitting clothes 9. Constipation. Constipation during pregnancy is associated with increased progesterone levels and smooth muscle relaxation of the GI tract. This results in GI discomfort, a bloated sensation, increased hemorrhoids, and decreased appetite. Increase fluid and fiber intake to reduce constipation. Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy. Energy First Trimester no change Second Trimester increases 3. Third Trimester increases 4. Protein Increases from 4. Vitamin and Mineral. Requirements in Pregnancy. Pregnant women are at increased risk for folic acid, iron, and calcium deficiencies. Recommendations are Iron increases to 2. Folate increases to 0. Deep Sea 5510 Software Development here. Calcium 1. 00. 0 mgday Magnesium increases to 3. Vitamin C increases to 8. Calcium Requirements. DRI Calcium Recommendations 9 1. Increased requirements during the third trimester Supplementation shown to reduce hypertension during pregnancy Dietary sources Milk, yogurt 8 oz, cheese 1 oz 3. Orange juice fortified 1 cup 3. Broccoli, kale 1 cup cooked 9. Bok choy, mustard green 1 cup cooked 1. Tofu made with calcium citrate cup 2. Canned salmon 3 oz 1. Neural Tube Defects NTD Prevention Role of Folate. Folate deficiency is the most common deficiency during pregnancy Functions Serves as a co factor in one carbon transfers, nucleic acids and amino acids and therefore required during periods of rapid growth. Increased maternal erythropoesis causes increased folate needs during second and third trimesters. Role in Prevention NTD are thought to result from a dietary deficiency of folate andor a genetic defect affecting folate metabolism. During pregnancy, the neural tube is formed from the 1. DAY of gestation. Folate Requirements in Pregnancy. Adequate folate is critical before and during the first 4 weeks of pregnancy. Since 5. 0 of pregnancies are unplanned and most women do not seek prenatal care until 8 weeks gestation, folate supplements prior to conception are critical to prevent NTD. Folate Antagonists taken during 2nd or 3rd trimester doubles fetal CV defects Phenobarbiotic Phenytoin Primidone Carbamazepine Trimethoprin Triamterene 1. Knowledge that Folate Prevents Birth Defects Still Low Source March of Dimes Survey 1. Based on 2. 00. 0 Non pregnant Women Age 1. Women Taking a Daily Mulitvitamin Containing Folate. Source March of Dimes Survey 1. Based on 2. 00. 0 Non pregnant Women Age 1. Folate Requirements in Pregnancy. DRI6. 00 g pregnancy or 5. Beans, peas, orange juice, green leafy vegetables, fortified cereals are good sources. Prenatal vitamins contain 1. Folate Intake in Non Pregnant Women 1. US 1. 98. 8 1. 99. Adapted from The Department of Health and Human Services Center of Disease Control and Prevention, July 2. Folic Acid Knowledge and Behavior 1. Percent. Source March of Dimes Survey 1. Based on 2. 00. 0 Non pregnant Women Age 1. Why Women Might Be Encouraged to Take a Daily Multivitamin. Percent. Source March of Dimes Survey 2. Iron in Pregnancy. Iron is an essential element in all cells of the body. During pregnancy, maternal blood volume increases 2. Iron needs increase from 1. Deficiency increases risk of maternal and infant death, preterm delivery, and low birth weight babies. Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia. The CDC reference criteria for anemia during pregnancy First trimester Hgb lt. Hct lt. 33 Second trimester Hgb lt 1. Hct lt. 32 Third trimester Hgb lt. Hct lt. 33 2. 3Iron Deficiency Anemia. Susceptible Populations Pregnant women who have not been taking iron supplements Infants and children Menstruating females Teens Low income women Etiology Poor iron intake only 2. Diet with low bioavailable iron 2. Iron Deficiency Anemia. Weakness, fatigue, poor work performance, and changes in behavior. Physical signs include pallor, fatigue, coldness and paresthesia of the extremities, greater susceptibility to infections. Infants and young children with iron deficiency may have low IQ levels, poor cognitive and motor development, learning, and behavioral problems. Iron Treatment Recommendations. Iron rich foods Meat, fish, poultry, eggs Organ meats Peas and beans Dried fruit Whole grain and enriched cereal Therapeutic dosesupplements 3. TID but can be constipating IV iron, but may cause a reaction 2. Prevalence of Anemia by Trimester of Pregnancy, 1. PNSSAdapted from Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance, 1. Food Borne Illness. Raw and highly carnivorous fish should be avoided. Including fresh tuna, shark, tilefish, swordfish, king mackerel All dairy foods and juices should be pasteurized. Food contaminated with heavy metals can have neurotoxic effects for the fetus. Mercury Listeria monocytogenes contamination in pregnancy develop into a serious blood borne, transplacental infection. Wash vegetables and fruits Cook meats Avoid processed, precooked meats cold cuts Avoid soft cheeses brie, blue cheese, etc. Exercise During Pregnancy.